From the Los Angeles Times

U.S. envoy debates Iranians -- a no-no

Zalmay Khalilzad, America's U.N. ambassador, joined top Tehran officials in a debate in Switzerland, an unauthorized step.

By Maggie Farley and Paul Richter
Los Angeles Times Staff Writers

4:21 AM PST, January 30, 2008

WASHINGTON — America's sometimes-freewheeling ambassador to the United Nations ran afoul of his superiors by taking part in unauthorized debate with two high-ranking Iranian officials during a conference of world leaders last week in the luxury Alpine resort of Davos, Switzerland.

Zalmay Khalilzad made an unscheduled appearance Saturday at a World Economic Forum discussion of Iran's controversial nuclear program, whose participants included Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki and Mojtaba Samare Hashemi, a top advisor to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

Khalilzad did not veer from the U.S. position, but broke rules that permit Bush administration officials to discuss issues with Iranians only under limited circumstances and with advance approval.

"Ambassador Khalilzad's appearance with the Iranian foreign minister and presidential advisor was not authorized," said a State Department spokesman, who declined to be identified while discussing a personnel issue. He said officials would speak to Khalilzad about the infraction.

Video of the 78-minute discussion has been posted on the World Economic Forum website and on YouTube. But State Department officials were taken by surprise when they received questions about it Tuesday afternoon.

Iran analysts have speculated that the administration may be extending feelers for a dialogue with Tehran after an intelligence report concluded in December that Iran had halted its nuclear weapons quest in 2003. But Khalilzad's spokesman said the Davos encounter was not meant to open a conversation with Iran on its nuclear program.

"The panel was not instigated by the State Department," Khalilzad replied in questions about the appearance in an email Tuesday. "It was a multi-lateral setting--in which we made our points and they made their points. There were no handshakes, no side meeting. We do it in [the UN General Assembly] and other multi-lateral settings. No change in policy."

The moderator, International Crisis Group president Gareth Evans, said that Khalilzad was not listed on the Davos program because he was a last-minute addition to the panel after Sen. Gordon Smith and Sen. Joe Biden cancelled.

" As far as I'm concerned he was an excellent addition," Evans said. "Not that he rose to any of my invitations to respond in a way that might actually get us a negotiated solution rather than just talking about its desirability - but that was hardly unexpected in a public forum like this." Evans said there was no tete-a-tete afterward.

U.S. officials have limited discussion with Tehran in an effort to isolate the Iranians for their refusal to comply with U.N. Security Council resolutions aimed at halting their uranium enrichment effort. American officials have said that open discussions with the Iranians undermine the U.S. effort to pressure Tehran.

Khalilzad is known in the diplomatic community as an affable ambassador who does not always follow the administration's rules.

U.S. officials were left red-faced last month when he circulated a U.N. Security Council resolution supporting Mideast peace efforts begun in November at a gathering in Annapolis, Md. Khalilzad was forced to withdraw the resolution after Israeli officials complained that they did not want Security Council involvement in the talks.

Khalilzad, a former ambassador to Afghanistan and Iraq, is one of the few U.S. officials who has had personal contact with Iranian counterparts. While ambassador to Afghanistan, he orchestrated Iran's help in establishing a transitional government in Kabul. While in Iraq, he engaged Iran on security issues.

When he arrived at the U.N. last year, Khalilzad said he had no instructions to engage the Iranian ambassador to the world body, but that he also had no instructions to avoid him.

Past U.N. envoys have had to step carefully when dealing with Iran. In 2006, former Ambassador John Bolton was instructed to deliver a message to the Iranian ambassador that Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was willing to meet with Iranian officials if the government suspended uranium enrichment. Bolton said he called Iran's ambassador, Javad Zarif to set up a meeting, but Zarif told him he was instructed by Iran not to meet. Bolton's chief of staff donned sunglasses and a trench coat and dropped off a letter at the mission so each side could say they fulfilled their duties.

"If you confront someone in a social situation or in an elevator you are expected to be polite and then extricate yourself from the conversation in an adult kind of way. You are not supposed to be impolite to people but you are not supposed to engage in debate with them either," Bolton said.